A comparison between the 1920s and the 1980s Essay Example for Free

A comparison between the 1920s and the 1980s Essay The 1920s and 1980s are similar in many ways. Their similarities are social, economical, and political. Some of the similarities between the decades are Prohibition and the War on Drugs, the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and 1987, and the influence of music on society. Prohibition was passed as the 18th amendment, that importing, exporting, transporting, and manufacturing of alcohol was to be put to an end. Prohibition did not achieve its goals. Instead, it added to the problems that it intended to solve. It was expected that the decrease in alcohol consumption would in turn reduce crime, poverty, death rates, improve the economy, and the quality of life. As a result of the lack of enforcement of the Prohibition Act and the creation of an illegal industry of bootlegging an increase in crime transpired. The Prohibitionists hoped that the Volstead Act would decrease drunkenness in America and thereby decrease the crime rate, especially in large cities. Although towards the beginning of Prohibition this purpose seemed to be fulfilled, the crime rate soon skyrocketed to nearly twice that of the pre-prohibition period. In large cities the homicide went from 5.6 (per 100,000 population) in the pre-prohibition period, to nearly 10 (per 100,000 population) during prohibition, nearly a 78 percent increase. Serious crimes, such as homicides, assault, and battery, increased nearly 13 percent, while other crimes involving victims increased 9 percent. Many supporters of prohibition argued that the crime rate decreased. This is true if one is examining only minor crimes, such as swearing, mischief, and vagrancy, which did in fact decrease due to prohibition. The major crimes, however, such as homicides, and burglaries, increased 24 percent between 1920 and 1921. In addition, the number of federal convicts over the course of the prohibition period increased 561 percent (Hanson 31-34). After Prohibition was deemed a failure, the National Prohibition Act, or Volstead Act, was passed. The Volstead Act was put into place to determine specific laws and methods of enforcement; the Federal Prohibition Bureau was formulated in order to see that the Volstead Act was enforced. Nevertheless, bootleggers and commoners alike flagrantly violated these laws. Bootleggers  smuggled liquor from oversees and Canada, stole it from government warehouses, and produced their own. Many people hid their liquor in hip flasks, false books, hollow canes, and anything else they could find (Hanson 29). Although one would think that prohibition would enhance the difficulty of obtaining alcohol, liquor was actually very easy to acquire. The bootlegging business was so immense that customers could easily obtain alcohol by simply walking down almost any street. Replacing saloons, which were all shut down at the start of prohibition, were illegal speak-easies. These businesses, hidden in basements, office buildings, and anywhere that could be found, admitted only those with membership cards, and had the most modern alarm systems to avoid being shut down (Hanson 28). In the beginning of the 1980s drugs begin to spread rapidly through inner cities because of the easy accessibility. In 1982 the National Survey on Drug Abuse found 22 million Americans had used cocaine one time in their life. It became the choice of drug for the famous and successful; professional athletes, celebrities in entertainment, lawyers, university professors, and Wall Street brokers. It became labeled as the champagne of drugs. Many people took to the popular form of cocaine known as crack, which could be disguised as smoking a cigarette even though it was incredibly addicting. People could also acquire crack cocaine easily and inexpensively. Dealers would disguise regular homes and apartments as crack houses where a user could easily obtain their fix. In the 1980s Reagan had a similar problem with the war on drugs. Inner city violence increased due to gangs fighting for territory. It was also an underlying cause in the rise of domestic violence, child abuse, homelessness, violence in school, and dropout rates. In 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act was passed in effort to stop the drug crisis. The Act was aimed towards accountability and zero-tolerance towards addicts.. Critics accused the government of spending too much on enforcing rather than educating and treatment. Its effects were similar to those of Prohibition so in 1988 the act was redone (Bondi 395). It was almost impossible for government agencies to stop the smuggling of drugs into the U.S. It was done most commonly by boat but dealers would often find new ways to get their contraband past drug sniffing dogs and the border patrol at the Mexico border. When Reagans term ended and George W. Bush took office he gave his inaugural speech in which he said, When the first cocaine was smuggled in on a ship, it may as well have been a deadly bacteria, so much has it hurt the body, the soul of our country. There is much to be done and much to be said, but take my word for it: This scourge will stop. (Bondi 396). By the end of the 1920s the Stock Market was flourishing. In 1928 the New York Stock Exchange was trading at about six to seven million shares a day. Many economists warned about the dangers of rising prices. People disregarded this information and speculation increased about the Stock Market being the easy way to make money. People invested their lifes savings. Banks too invested large sums of money into the Stock Market. On Thursday, October 24, 1929, the bottom began to fall out. Prices dropped precipitously as more and more investors tried to sell their holdings. By the end of the day, the New York Stock Exchange had lost four billion dollars, and it took exchange clerks until five oclock AM the next day to clear all the transactions. By the following Monday, the realization of what had happened began to sink in, and a full-blown panic ensued. Thousands of investors, many of them ordinary working people, not serious players were financially ruined. By the end of the year, stock values had dropped by fifteen billion dollars (Hanson 67). Although the crash of 1929 was devastating on the economy, the crash on October 19, 1987,Black Monday, was more devastating be cause the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 508.32 points, losing 22.6% of its total value. The fall far surpassed the one-day loss of 12.9% that began the great stock market crash of 1929. The Dows 1987 fall also triggered panic selling and similar drops in stock markets worldwide. What made this market break extraordinary was the speed with which prices fell, the unprecedented volume  of trading and the consequent threat to the financial system. Both crashes were significant because they took a devastating toll on the economy. This led to the loss of jobs and shutting down of companies. Although much had been done after the crash of 1929, such as making Paper Companies illegal, it could not prevent the devastating losses of 1987 (Bondi 301). In the early 1920s times were prosperous and people begin to look for a new form of entertainment. It was the commercial dawn of radio, and the continued popularity of the phonograph. Neither invention was new. Radio had been experimented with as early as 1896, and Marconi stations lined the coasts before the Great War. The 20s saw the demise of the wax cylinder recorder (Edison manufactured them into the 20s), and the rise of the disk that was to stay with us in some form until the CD. Music became widely available for the average person because of the availability of phonographs and the accessibility to the radio. Things like the Charleston and dance marathons became popular do to the music that could be played at any given time. Jazz and blues also became big because of musicians like Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday, Sam Morgan, and Oscar Popa Celestin (Hanson 25).. On October 1, 1982 Sony introduced the CDP-101, the first Compact Disc audio CD player. This new technological advance sparked the development of a new type of music known as New Wave. Like Jazz, it began to gain popularity in New York City. The music became increasingly popular and began the attraction of people to nightclubs, such as CGBGs (Bondi 135). Despite the differences in technology and standards, the 1920s and 1980s were very similar. When it comes down to it, history really does repeat itself in many ways. Historians can only inform us as to what we can expect of the future and what we can do to prevent such devastating events. Works Cited Bondi, Victor. American Decades 1980 1989. Washington D.C. : Amanly, Inc. Book 1996 Hanson, Erica. Through the Decades The 1920s. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc. 1999

Essay --

Theresa Manganiello December 17, 2013 Osmosis Lab report Bio Honors (Yellow) Creating a Semi-Permeable membrane 1. Define osmosis. The diffusion of water through selectively permeable membranes 2. What is a semi-permeable membrane? â€Å"A semipermeable membrane, also termed a selectively permeable membrane, a partially permeable membrane or a differentially permeable membrane, is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion". â€Å" 3. What is dialysis tubing? Dialysis tubing is a type of semi-permeable membrane tubing made from regenerated cellulose or cellophane. It can be used for diffusion with solutes or osmosis if used with water only. 4. What molecules are able to pass through the dialysis tubing? Unable to pass through the dialysis tubing? Selective permeability of dialysis tubing shows ions and molecules can pass through the dialysis tubing. Dialysis tubing is not permeable to starch because starch is too large.. 5. What is distilled water? Distilled water is water that has been purified through a process of heating and cooling. 6. What is the common name for sucrose? Draw a molecule of sucrose. Table Sugar 7. Develop your hypothesis with your lab partner I think that the more time each bag is given, the heavier it will get. So my hypothesis is: In this lab, the bags with sucrose and unknown solution will be heavier than the bags with water, and as time goes on the bags with sucrose will have more mass than the others. Hypothesis In this lab, the bags with sucrose and unknown solution will be heavier than the bags with water, and as time goes on the bags with sucrose will have more mass than the others. Materials - 6 pieces of 15... ...because it reacted in the same way in which the sucrose did. In this lab, I created a model, and observed the model of a semi permeable cell membrane. I thought that the bags with sucrose and unknown solution will be heavier than the bags with water, and as time goes on the bags with sucrose will have more mass than the others. I was able to accept my hypothesis, and prove it true through the lab. Bag one basically stayed the same, and five and six went down. Bags 2-4 all increased drastically in mass, proving my hypothesis. This lab mirrors what some scientists do every day, whether it be creating models, or studying cells. No matter where we go, science will always be with us. Work cited "Animation: How Osmosis Works." Animation: How Osmosis Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. "Learning By Osmosis." Something to Shout About. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013.

Project Management Principles Essay

Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, securing, managing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals. A project is a temporary endeavor with a defined beginning and end (usually time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables), undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value. Project management is a composite activity with multiple dimensions. Depending on the type and class of project this management activity can be very complex. To make a project successful, the following principles are necessary assets in creating a path to completion. These principles of project management can be applied to any level or branch of a project that falls under a different area of responsibility in the overall project organization. Project Management Principles Initiation During the initiation process, the nature and scope of the project is defined. Without careful planning of this process, the project is unlikely to meet the needs of the business. Here, need an understanding of the business environment and need to make sure that all controls are incorporated and all deficiencies pointed out and adjusted. Everybody working on the project needs to understand the nature of their involvement: for what is each person responsible, and to whom are they accountable? Without clear roles and responsibilities, nobody will know precisely what he or she is supposed to be doing (and everybody will pass the buck at the first sign of trouble). In such a chaotic environment, the progress of the project will be seriously jeopardized. Planning After the goals are set in the initiation phase, planning will incorporate details that are specific to make the project work. It is important to take the time to carefully plan out a project, as a poorly planned project will take much longer to complete. Important elements including budget, schedule, risk involved, activities needed, and resources are carefully planned in this phase. Planning is essential. It helps to: -Communicate what has to be done, when and by whom -Encourage forward thinking -Provide the measures of success for the project -Make clear the commitment of time, resources (people and equipment), and money required for the project -Determine if targets are achievable -Identify the activities the resources need to undertake. Execution This is when the plan is put into action. This phase will also need precise management of people, time and resources. Communication is essential to be successful in execution. It is vital that clients and customers think carefully about the products, or deliverables, they require, before the project begins. The clearer they can be about their requirements, the more realistic and achievable the plans that can be produced. This makes managing the project much easier and less risky. During the execution phase, issues should be carefully tracked so that the project manager and other team members are aware of any problems that come up during execution. Monitoring and Controlling Monitoring and Controlling a project is the process or activities whereby the project manager tracks, reviews and revises the project activities in order to ensure the project creates the deliverables in accordance with the project objectives. Project control really happens close in proximity with project execution. Project control involves monitoring the project for risks and keeping those risks at bay. It also involves keeping changes in the project to a minimum. Project control often mistakenly gets lumped in with project execution functions, but it’s important not to do this. At times, during the control phase, project managers may find that a given risk or problem forces them to revisit phase II – planning. This is because some risks or issues that come up and were unforeseen may make the project, as planned, unable to reach completion. Good project managers will implement a system to monitor and control their project’s progress to ensure project success. Closing Even a project needs to be closed. This is the phase where there is formal acceptance that the project has ended. This not only includes project closure, but contract closure as well. When a project is complete it is advisable to conduct a controlled closedown. This allows the formal handing over of the final product of the project to the staff responsible for its continued operation. Closing the project includes steps to ensure that all of the aims have been met. Formal acceptance and sign off procedures are carried out to check that all the project products meet the required quality standards.

Devastation and Disease in Africa - 1502 Words

Throughout time, scientists have discovered new ways to help save lives and help people live longer, but this causes a major problem around the world. Birth rates are almost double to that of the death rates, and the earth’s population is reaching the seven billion mark. Continents everywhere worry about what is to come with the rising population because it is causes many resources to deplete and diseases to spread. These very problems are already occurring on the continent of Africa.. In Africa, overpopulation is causing an immense amount of disease to spread more competently due to the close living quarters and a lack of clean water. Population around the world is rising hastily, so fast that the world’s population has just reached†¦show more content†¦Sleeping sickness is a disease carried by a parasite, Trypanosoma, that bites and infects cattle. It then spreads to people when a fly that bit the cattle that was infected, bites the people moving the cattle a round (Hays 358). 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